Description

Insuline

Insuline is a life-saving hormone used to treat diabetes mellitus. It controls blood sugar (glucose) by assisting cells in absorbing energy from diet. Without insulin, persons with Type 1 diabetes (and some with Type 2) risk serious complications such as ketoacidosis, organ damage, or death.

Types of Insulin: – Rapid-Acting (e.g., Humalog, NovoRapid)

Onset: 15 minutes, peak: 1-2 hours | Duration: 3-5 hours.

Used before meals to prevent post-eating increases.

Short-acting (such as Regular/Humulin R)

Onset: 30 minutes, peak: 2-4 hours, duration: 6-8 hours.

Taken 30 minutes before mealtime.

Intermediate acting (e.g., NPH)

Onset: 2-4 hours | Peak: 4–12 hours | Duration: 12-18 hours.

Covers half-day needs.

Long-acting (for example, Lantus and Tresiba)

Onset: 1–2 hours | Peak: minimal | Duration: 18-24+ hours.

Provides baseline (background) insulin.

Pre-mixed (such as NovoMix 30)

Combines rapid/short and intermediate insulin.

Medical Uses: In Type 1 Diabetes, the body need insulin for survival.

Type 2 Diabetes: Used when oral medications fail or during pregnancy.

Gestational diabetes is the control of elevated blood sugar during pregnancy.

Non-diabetics should avoid using it (misuse might result in fatal hypoglycemia).

Injections can be administered using a pen, syringe, or pump to the abdomen, thighs, or arms.

Dosing is very personalized (depending on blood glucose, carbs, and activity).

Unopened vials/pens should be refrigerated, whereas opened vials/pens can be kept at room temperature for about 28 days.

Critical Rules:

Rotate injection locations (to avoid fat accumulation).

Never share pens or needles (infection risk).

Check blood sugar four or more times each day (or use CGM).